Ephesus Ancient City, located near the Selçuk district of İzmir, is one of the most important settlements of the ancient world. With a history dating back to 6000 BCE, Ephesus hosted many different civilizations, including the Lydians, Persians, Hellenistic kingdoms, Romans, and Byzantines. In ancient times, Ephesus was known as a major cultural and trade center along the Aegean coast, recognized for its economic and religious significance.
One of Ephesus’s most magnificent structures, the Temple of Artemis, is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This massive temple, completed around 550 BCE, was dedicated to the cult of Artemis (Diana) and stood as one of the largest religious structures of antiquity. Unfortunately, today only a few remnants of the temple remain.
Another famous building in Ephesus is the Great Theater, which had a capacity of 25,000 spectators. This theater hosted not only dramatic performances but also gladiatorial battles. The Library of Celsus, located at the heart of Ephesus, is renowned for its architectural beauty and for once housing over 12,000 scrolls. Its impressive façade stands as a symbol of the intellectual wealth of the ancient world.
Ephesus was also known as a city bustling with trade and port activity. In ancient times, it was much closer to the sea, serving as a key commercial hub for goods transported from east to west. Over time, however, the harbor was filled with silt, pushing the city farther from the coastline, though this did not diminish its cultural and historical significance.
Ephesus also holds great importance in the history of Christianity. It is one of the cities where Saint Paul preached and played a pivotal role in the spread of Christianity. In addition, the House of the Virgin Mary, believed to be where she spent her last years, is nearby and remains a place of pilgrimage to this day.
Today, Ephesus Ancient City is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting thousands of visitors each year. With its rich history, stunning architecture, and cultural legacy, Ephesus stands not only as one of Turkey’s treasures but also as one of the world’s most important archaeological sites.
